Influence of solution composition on fouling of anion exchange membranes desalinating polymer-flooding produced water
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Graphical abstract
Keywords
Membrane fouling
Electrodialysis
Polymer-flooding produced water
Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide
Polyelectrolyte
Concentration polarization
Gel layer
Crude oil
Abbreviations
AEM
Anion exchange membrane
AFM
Atomic force microscopy
BW
Brackish water
CEM
Cation exchange membrane
CTAB
Cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
DBL
Diffusion boundary layer
ED
Electrodialysis
EDX
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
HPAM
Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide
IEM
Ion exchange membrane
PFPW
Polymer-flooding produced water
SEM
Scanning electron microscopy
TMEP
Transmembrane electric potential
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© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.