Jejunal feeding is followed by a greater rise in plasma cholecystokinin, peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide 1, and glucagon-like peptide 2 concentrations compared with gastric feeding in vivo in humans: a randomized trial12

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ABSTRACT

Background: Jejunal feeding is preferred instead of gastric feeding in patients who are intolerant to gastric feeding or at risk of aspiration. However, the impact of gastric feeding compared with that of jejunal feeding on postprandial circulating plasma glucose and amino acid concentrations and the associated endocrine response in vivo in humans remains largely unexplored.

Objective: We compared the impact of administering enteral nutrition as either gastric feeding or jejunal feeding on endocrine responses in vivo in humans.

Design: In a randomized, crossover study design, 12 healthy young men (mean ± SD age: 21 ± 2 y) received continuous enteral nutrition that contained noncoagulating proteins for 12 h via a nasogastric tube or a nasojejunal tube placed 30–40 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz. Blood samples were collected during the 12-h postprandial period to assess the rise in plasma glucose, amino acid, and gastrointestinal hormone concentrations.

Results: No differences were observed in the postprandial rise in circulating plasma amino acid and glucose concentrations between regimens. Jejunal feeding resulted in higher peak plasma insulin concentrations than did gastric feeding (392 ± 53 compared with 326 ± 54 pmol/L, respectively; P < 0.05). The postprandial rise in plasma cholecystokinin, peptide YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) concentrations was greater after jejunal feeding than after gastric feeding, with higher peak concentrations and a greater postprandial incremental AUC for GLP-1 and cholecystokinin (all P < 0.05). Plasma ghrelin concentrations did not differ between regimens.

Conclusions: Enteral nutrition with gastric or jejunal feeding in healthy young men results in similar postprandial plasma amino acid and glucose concentrations. However, the endocrine response differs substantially, with higher peak plasma cholecystokinin, PYY, GLP-1, and GLP-2 concentrations being attained after jejunal feeding. This effect may result in an improved anabolic response, greater insulin sensitivity, and an improved intestinotropic effect. Nevertheless, it may also lead to delayed gastric emptying. This trial was registered at trialregister.nl as NTR2801.

keywords:

enteral nutrition
gastric feeding
gastrointestinal hormones
jejunal feeding
malnutrition

ABBREVIATIONS

EN
enteral nutrition
GLP-1
glucagon-like peptide 1
GLP-2
glucagon-like peptide 2
iAUC
incremental AUC
NGT
nasogastric tube
NJT
nasojejunal tube
PYY
peptide YY
RYGB
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

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1

Supported by Nutricia Research. Proglucagon 126–158 was a gift from Novo Nordisk A/S.

2

Supplemental Materials 1 and 2 are available from the “Online Supporting Material” link in the online posting of the article and from the same link in the online table of contents at http://ajcn.nutrition.org.