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Local	
  Food	
  for	
  Global	
  Future	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  Presenta3on	
  at	
  the	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  Design	
  Department	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  Food	
  Non	
  Food	
  at	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  Design	
  Academy	
  Eindhoven	
  
Harry	
  Donkers	
  	
  
10	
  November	
  2015	
  
Headlines	
  
	
  
	
  
Industrial	
  and	
  local	
  food	
  systems	
  
	
  
Prac3cal	
  examples	
  in	
  The	
  Netherlands	
  and	
  in	
  Russia	
  
Structured	
  approach:	
  classifica3on	
  and	
  governance	
  
	
  
Knowledge	
  and	
  innova3on	
  
Successful:	
  
produc4on	
  
volumes	
  and	
  
finance	
  
Successful:	
  efficient	
  
use	
  of	
  natural	
  
resources,	
  less	
  
waste	
  
Unsuccessful:	
  
social	
  aspects	
  
Unsuccessful:	
  
social	
  and	
  
ecological	
  
values	
  Industrial	
  
agriculture	
  
and	
  food	
  
New	
  paradigm:	
  	
  
Sustainable	
  food	
  security	
  
(explicit	
  men4on	
  of	
  
sovereignty	
  and	
  safety)	
  
Local	
  focus	
  
Local	
  
agriculture	
  
and	
  food	
  
Linear	
  economy	
  (no	
  true	
  costs):	
  
Circular	
  economy	
  (partly	
  true	
  cost):	
  
New	
  food	
  economy	
  (true	
  costs):	
  
Industrial	
  and	
  local	
  agriculture	
  and	
  food	
  
Large	
  distance	
  between	
  producers	
  and	
  
consumers	
  
Up-­‐scaling	
  leads	
  to	
  an	
  exodus	
  of	
  smaller	
  
farmers	
  and	
  culture	
  
Entrepreneurs	
  become	
  employees	
  
Loss	
  of	
  awareness	
  of	
  food	
  quality	
  
Miles	
  and	
  miles	
  of	
  monocultures	
  
Use	
  of	
  chemical	
  fer4lizers	
  and	
  pes4cides	
  	
  
Loss	
  of	
  biodiversity	
  	
  
Oligopolis4c	
  compe44on:	
  worldwide	
  	
  
and	
  na4onwide	
  
Mega-­‐farms,	
  industrial	
  processing	
  	
  
Food	
  products	
  treated	
  as	
  commodi4es	
  
No	
  fair	
  prices	
  for	
  farmers	
  (European	
  
protests)	
  
Too	
  far-­‐bred	
  animals	
  
Social:	
  Far	
  removed	
  
Ecological:	
  Mono	
  
Economic:	
  Mega	
  Global	
  
Cheap	
  and	
  poor	
  quality	
  basic	
  food	
  commodi4es,	
  ‘synthe4c	
  enriched’	
  by	
  the	
  processing	
  industry	
  	
  
Hunger	
  on	
  the	
  one	
  hand	
  and	
  obesity	
  on	
  the	
  other	
  hand	
  	
  
Current	
  industrial	
  system	
  
Concentra3ons	
  within	
  the	
  Dutch	
  food	
  chain	
  
Infographic	
  |	
  17-­‐08-­‐2014	
  
Source,	
  PBL,	
  	
  Netherlands	
  Environmental	
  Assessment	
  Agency	
  
Managers	
  of	
  supermarkets	
  have	
  a	
  great	
  deal	
  of	
  power!	
  
People	
  
Profit	
  
Planet	
  
Sover-­‐
eignty	
  
Safety	
  
Embeddedness	
  
Fair	
  prices	
  
Biodiversity	
  
and	
  climate	
  
Health	
  
Right	
  to	
  food	
  and	
  right	
  
to	
  food	
  produc4on	
  
Sustainability	
  	
  
(Brundtland)	
  
Food	
  security	
  
(Shiva)	
  
The	
  paradigm	
  of	
  sustainable	
  food	
  security	
  
The	
  paradigm	
  of	
  sustainable	
  food	
  security	
  	
  
requires	
  a	
  focus	
  on	
  local	
  resources	
  
Social	
  well-­‐being:	
  	
  	
  	
  A	
  reconnec4on	
  of	
  producers	
  and	
  consumers	
  requires	
  a	
  local	
  basis.	
  
	
  
Economic	
  features:	
  Fairer	
  incomes	
  for	
  farmers	
  require	
  fundamentally	
  new	
  forms	
  of	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
   	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  capital	
  that	
  people	
  can	
  arrange	
  locally.	
  	
  
	
  
Ecological	
  features:	
  The	
  local	
  framework	
  is	
  the	
  best	
  op4on	
  for	
  careful	
  ecological	
   	
  
	
   	
   	
   	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  processes,	
  resources	
  and	
  energy	
  cycles	
  largely	
  to	
  be	
  closed,	
  and	
  crop	
  
	
   	
   	
   	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  growing	
  and	
  animal	
  husbandry	
  to	
  be	
  interconnected.	
  	
  
	
  
Food	
  sovereignty:	
  	
  	
  Regions	
  or	
  na4ons	
  to	
  decide	
  themselves	
  on	
  their	
  produc4on	
  and	
  
	
   	
   	
   	
  	
  	
  	
  consump4on	
  of	
  food,	
  requires	
  na4onwide,	
  regional	
  and	
  ul4mately	
  
	
   	
   	
   	
  	
  	
  	
  local	
  governance	
  of	
  food	
  systems.	
  
	
  
Food	
  safety:	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  Monitoring	
  locally	
  is	
  less	
  complex	
  than	
  monitoring	
  global	
   	
   	
  
	
   	
   	
   	
  	
  	
  	
  industrial	
  chains.	
  
Reconnecting producers and consumers
(people and nature)	
  
Control of local food production and
consumption 	
  
Access to sufficient food	
  	
  
Fair prices	
  
Local/regional production	
  
Micro machinery and
small scale processing 	
  
Food is not seen as a
commodity	
  	
  
Access to
the
countryside	
  
Biodiversity	
  	
  
Right to food and right to
food production	
  
Local/regional production
ensures access to food for
all people in the region 	
  
Awareness of
food impact on
health and well-
being	
  
Social:	
  Proximity	
  
Economic:	
  	
  
Micro/Regional	
  
Ecological:	
  Mul3	
  
Food	
  Sovereignty:	
  
Access	
  for	
  all	
   Food	
  Safety:	
  Resistance	
  and	
  
Nutri3onal	
  
Local	
  and	
  regional	
  agriculture	
  and	
  food	
  systems	
  
The	
  industrial	
  and	
  local	
  trap	
  in	
  
solving	
  the	
  world	
  food	
  problem	
  
	
  
Industrial	
  system	
  
Solving	
  the	
  world	
  food	
  problem	
  needs	
  
more	
  volumes	
  of	
  produc4on	
  
Do	
  the	
  increased	
  volumes	
  reach	
  the	
  poor?	
  
Local	
  system	
  
Solving	
  the	
  world	
  food	
  problem	
  is	
  
equivalent	
  to	
  the	
  paradigm	
  of	
  Sustainable	
  
food	
  security	
  that	
  implies	
  a	
  local	
  focus	
  
Do	
  the	
  local	
  systems	
  meet	
  the	
  features	
  of	
  
the	
  paradigm?	
  
Defends:	
   Claims:	
  
Industrial	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  trap	
   Local	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  trap	
  
Largest	
  and	
  broadest	
  farmer	
  side	
  by	
  side	
  in	
  Bunschoten	
  
Eemlandhoeve	
  is	
  an	
  organic	
  farm	
  with	
  40	
  beef	
  
ca`le	
  (sucklers)	
  and	
  extra	
  func4ons:	
  mee4ng	
  
facili4es,	
  family	
  days,	
  educa4on,	
  care,	
  a	
  shop	
  
and	
  more	
  ….	
  
Hoeve	
  het	
  Wi`e	
  Schaap	
  is	
  a	
  modern	
  
dairy	
  farm	
  with	
  about	
  400	
  dairy	
  cows	
  
and	
  robots	
  for	
  milking,	
  feeding	
  and	
  
manure	
  handling.	
  
Jan	
  Huigen	
  and	
  Gerrit	
  Schaap	
  are	
  organizing	
  the	
  excursion:	
  ‘Largest	
  and	
  broadest	
  farmer'	
  
Largest	
  and	
  broadest	
  farmer	
  	
  
Largest	
  en	
  broadest	
  farmer	
  side	
  by	
  side	
  in	
  Bunschoten	
  
	
  
Hoeve	
  het	
  Wi`e	
  Schaap	
  	
  
Hypermodern	
  dairy	
  farm	
  ca.	
  300	
  dairy	
  
cows,	
  with	
  robots	
  for	
  milking,	
  robots	
  
for	
  feeding	
  and	
  robots	
  for	
  stall	
  mucking	
  
In	
  an	
  excursion	
  to	
  both	
  farms,	
  farmer	
  and	
  philosopher	
  Jan	
  Huijgen	
  shows	
  the	
  
differences	
  and	
  makes	
  it	
  clear	
  that	
  both	
  forms	
  of	
  business	
  can	
  coexist	
  
De	
  Eemlandhoeve	
  	
  
Apart	
  from	
  ca.	
  40	
  beef	
  ca`le	
  also	
  other	
  
markets,	
  conference	
  center,	
  kitchen	
  
gardens,	
  apiary	
  and	
  educa4on	
  center	
  
Recommenda3ons:	
  Bo`om-­‐up	
  regional	
  ini4a4ves;	
  Profiling	
  agriculture	
  in	
  spa4al	
  debate;	
  Develop	
  added	
  
value;	
  Farming	
  with	
  nature	
  /	
  landscape	
  and	
  recrea4on	
  /	
  tourism	
  and	
  hospitality	
  industry;	
  Develop	
  specific	
  
regional	
  research	
  and	
  policy;	
  Encourage	
  regional	
  branding	
  
Crop growers:
Arable farmers
Horticulture
Nature organizations
Hotels/Rest./Catering
Processors/shops
Animal
farmers
Products for self
cooking
Animal contacts
Landscape:
Grain fields
Crop growing
Horticultural
products
Outdoor eating
R
e
c
r
e
a
t
i
o
n
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
r
s
producers
consumers
tourists
arrangement
arrangement
arrangement
Vechtdal	
  Food	
  Community	
  
Organic/natural	
  food	
  chain	
  in	
  Krasnodar,	
  2012	
  
Chain	
  partners:	
  
–  Producers,	
  small	
  farmers	
  
–  Organic	
  shop	
  
–  Catering	
  
–  Internet	
  shop	
  
–  Cafetaria	
  
–  Restaurant	
  
Support	
  needed:	
  
–  Facilitate	
  lead	
  farms	
  to	
  
demonstrate	
  successes	
  
and	
  to	
  serve	
  as	
  a	
  
model	
  farm	
  for	
  small	
  
farmer	
  
–  Be`er	
  knowledge	
  and	
  
training	
  for	
  be`er	
  
quality	
  
–  Be`er	
  mutual	
  co-­‐
opera4on	
  
–  Possibili4es	
  to	
  invest	
  
Classifica3on	
  of	
  food	
  systems	
  
Combina3on	
  of	
  geographic	
  and	
  social	
  aspects	
  
	
  
/Cooperation
Short	
  chains	
  
Examples:	
  
Farm	
  shops,	
  farmers	
  markets,	
  experiences,	
  food	
  teams,	
  CSA,	
  Web	
  shops,	
  
Short	
  chain	
  governance:
Aiming	
  at	
  a	
  be`er	
  coopera4on	
  between	
  consumers	
  and	
  producers.	
  
.
Raw	
  milk	
  produc;on	
  and	
  consump;on	
  
Local	
  food	
  systems	
  
.
Urban	
  food	
  systems:	
  
Rural	
  food	
  systems:	
  
Food	
  provision	
  in	
  the	
  rapidly	
  growing	
  city	
  of	
  Dar	
  es	
  Salaam	
  
Examples:	
  
Local	
  food	
  system	
  governance:	
  
Employment	
  opportuni4es	
  and	
  a`rac4ve	
  rural	
  areas,	
  	
  urban	
  challenges	
  and	
  opportuni4es	
  
for	
  sustainability	
  and	
  biodiversity.	
  
Rural	
  and	
  urban	
  food	
  systems	
  should	
  not	
  stand	
  alone.	
  
Policy	
  support	
  to	
  establish	
  linkages	
  between	
  rural	
  and	
  urban	
  food	
  systems,	
  reducing	
  the	
  
rural-­‐urban	
  divide.	
  
	
  
Slow Food Communities
Impact	
  of	
  small	
  and	
  private	
  farmers	
  on	
  rural	
  development	
  in	
  Russia	
  
Urban	
  Agriculture	
  
Localfoods.org.uk	
  
Producers/
entrepreneur-­‐
ship	
  
Consumers/	
  
ci4zens	
  and	
  
ins4tu4ons	
  
Local	
  
governments/	
  
Societal	
  	
  
organiza4ons	
  
Regional	
  
Embedded	
  
Slow	
  Food	
  
Convivia	
  	
  
Transi4on	
  
Towns	
  
	
  
Regional	
  
coopera4on	
  
Slow	
  Food	
  
communi4es	
  	
  
Food	
  Strategies	
  
Food	
  Policy	
  Councils	
  
S4mula4ng	
  knowledge	
  
Sustainable	
  
regional	
  
development	
  
Suppor4ng	
  
governance	
  
Interac4on	
  	
  
Rural-­‐urban	
  
environment	
  
Characteris3cs	
  of	
  regional	
  food	
  systems	
  
General	
  example	
  of	
  regional	
  
food	
  governance:	
  Regional	
  
(typical)	
  products	
  in	
  bids	
  for	
  
local	
  and	
  regional	
  
governments	
  
Regional	
  food	
  systems	
  
Amsterdam	
  
Ro`erdam	
  
The	
  Hague	
  
Utrecht	
  
Randstad	
  region	
  
Metropolitan	
  food	
  systems:	
  
Conurba3on	
  food	
  systems:	
   Countryside	
  food	
  systems:	
  
Cityside	
  food	
  systems:	
  
Corridor	
  food	
  systems:	
   Connected	
  ci3es	
  food	
  systems:	
  
Food	
  security	
  in	
  Belo	
  Horizonte	
  
Twin	
  ci;es	
  Local	
  Food	
  Ini;a;ves	
  
Minnesota/Saint	
  Paul	
  
Eindhoven	
  cityside	
  region	
  
The	
  Area	
  Coopera;ve	
  
Oregional	
  in	
  the	
  Connected	
  
ci;es	
  Arnhem-­‐Nijmegen	
  
Boerenhart	
  
Examples:	
  
Regional	
  food	
  system	
  governance:	
  
These	
  ‘core’	
  systems	
  flourish	
  when	
  producers,	
  consumers	
  and	
  local	
  governments	
  cooperate.	
  
Natural	
  development;	
  self	
  sufficiency	
  and	
  sustainable	
  food	
  security.	
  
Regional	
  coopera4on	
  is	
  a	
  cri4cal	
  factor.	
  
Instruments:	
  Integral	
  regional	
  planning,	
  joint	
  building	
  of	
  regional	
  food	
  strategies.	
  	
  
Boerenhart	
  
Vechtdal	
  region	
  
Groene	
  Woud:	
  	
  
green	
  area	
  between	
  town-­‐trangle	
  Eind-­‐
hoven,	
  ‘s-­‐Hertogenbosch	
  and	
  Tilburg	
  
 
	
  	
  	
  
City	
  gates	
  Karpen,	
  Strijp	
  and	
  Genneper	
  Parken	
  connec3ng	
  
Eindhoven	
  with	
  Peel,	
  Meierij	
  and	
  Kempen	
  
Meierij	
  
Kempen	
  
Peel	
  
Karpen	
  
Strijp	
  
Genneper	
  Parken	
  
Groendomein	
  Wasven	
  
Philips	
  FruiWuin	
  
Genneper	
  Hoeve	
  
Example	
  of	
  a	
  
cityside	
  region	
  
Coopera4ng	
  Regional	
  ini4a4ves:	
  	
  
Interests	
  bundling,	
  s4mulate	
  
regional	
  mul4func4onal,	
  
value	
  forma4on,	
  knowledge-­‐
embedding,	
  supra-­‐regional	
  
development	
  agenda:	
  
Food	
  Hubs	
  =	
  infrastructure	
  for	
  upscaling	
  
regional	
  ini4a4ves	
  
Interregional	
  or	
  na3onal	
  food	
  systems	
  
Examples:	
  
Interregional	
  food	
  system	
  governance:	
  
Increasing	
  efficiency;	
  	
  exchange	
  informa4on,	
  products	
  and	
  services.	
  
Suppor4ng	
  the	
  various	
  regional	
  food	
  systems.	
  
Solving	
  the	
  region	
  transcending	
  problems.	
  
Crea4ng	
  logis4cs	
  hubs,	
  regula4ons,	
  interregional	
  coopera4on.	
  
Toward	
  a	
  regional	
  food	
  policy	
  in	
  Europe	
  
Transregional	
  or	
  global	
  food	
  systems	
  
Border	
  regions:	
  
Vecht/Vechte	
  
Brabant+	
  Oost-­‐Nederland,	
  	
  
Niedersachsen	
  en	
  Wesnalen	
  
Policymaking	
  bodies	
  and	
  movements:	
  
Doha-­‐round	
  2001,	
  	
  
s4ll	
  busy	
  
OECD:	
  
	
  EU:	
  Commi`ee	
  
for	
  the	
  Regions	
  
Regions	
  that	
  are	
  not	
  adjacent	
  to	
  each	
  other:	
  
Coopera4on	
  	
  
Netherlands/	
  Germany	
  	
  
and	
  South	
  Africa/	
  
Swaziland/Mozambique	
  
	
  around	
  Vecht/Vechte	
  and	
  Koma4	
  river	
  
Examples:	
  
Transregional	
  food	
  governance:	
  
Promo4ng	
  interna4onal	
  coopera4on	
  between	
  regional	
  food	
  systems.	
  
Handling	
  confronta4ons	
  between	
  established	
  ins4tu4ons	
  and	
  societal	
  movements.	
  
Elimina4ng	
  global	
  barriers	
  by	
  interna4onal	
  bodies	
  and	
  stakeholder	
  representa4ves.	
  
Crea4ng	
  favourable	
  condi4ons	
  for	
  na4onal,	
  regional	
  and	
  local	
  interests.	
  
Mi4ga4ng	
  the	
  power	
  of	
  monopolis4c/oligopolis4c	
  elements	
  by	
  governed	
  interna4onal	
  trade.	
  
Building	
  interna4onal	
  connec4ons	
  and	
  agreements;	
  transregional	
  coopera4on,	
  twinning.	
  
Rio+20	
  and	
  beyond	
  
Building	
  Food	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  Building	
  a	
  more	
  	
  
Strategies	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  equitable	
  world	
  
	
  
From	
  government	
  	
  From	
  one-­‐	
  
to	
  governance	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  dimensional	
  flow	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  to	
  dialogue	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
Applica4on	
  areas	
  of	
  sustainable	
  food	
  security	
  
Implementa4on	
  of	
  knowledge	
  and	
  innova4on	
  
Policy	
  and	
  Aid	
  
Basic	
  
disciplines	
  
Local	
  
produc4on	
  
and	
  
processing	
  
Social	
  
sciences	
  
Ecological	
  
sciences	
  
Economics	
  
Food	
  
sciences	
  Technology	
  and	
  
Organiza4on	
  
Social	
  
From	
  far	
  
away	
  to	
  
nearby	
  
Economic	
  
From	
  global	
  
to	
  local	
  
	
  
Ecological	
  
From	
  mono	
  
to	
  mul4	
  
	
  
Sovereignty	
  
Right	
  and	
  
access	
  to	
  
food	
  
Safety	
  
Building	
  
resistance	
  
	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  Holis4c	
  approach	
  
Knowledge	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  Innova4on	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  ICT	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  Financial	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  Logis4cs	
  	
  
management	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  methods	
  
From	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  From	
  	
  
mega	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  hierarchy	
  to	
  	
  
to	
  micro	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  community	
  
Crea4ve	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  Reciprocal	
  
modera4on	
  	
  	
  solidarism	
  
Applica3on	
  areas,	
  challenges	
  and	
  aspect	
  disciplines	
  
Applica3on	
  
areas	
  
Challenges	
   Aspect	
  disciplines	
  
	
  
Topics/levels	
  
Social	
  
	
  
From	
  far	
  away	
  
to	
  nearby	
  
Soci(et)al	
  sciences	
  
	
  
Social	
  nearness:	
  How	
  social	
  is	
  a	
  system?	
  
Trust:	
  Basic	
  element	
  of	
  coopera4on	
  
Food	
  sovereignty:	
  No	
  unwanted	
  interference	
  from	
  outside	
  
Food	
  
sovereignty	
  
Right	
  and	
  
access	
  to	
  food	
  
	
  
Food	
  science	
  (health	
  and	
  
nutri3on,	
  safety	
  and	
  
gastronomy	
  
	
  
Health	
  and	
  nutri;on:	
  Rela4onships	
  local	
  food	
  and	
  health	
  
Safety:	
  Building	
  resistance	
  in	
  stead	
  of	
  monocultures	
  under	
  
sanitary	
  control	
  (Béchamp	
  in	
  stead	
  of	
  Pasteur)	
  
Gastronomy:	
  Study	
  of	
  flavour	
  and	
  taste	
  
Food	
  safety	
  
	
  
Building	
  
resistance	
  
Economic	
  
	
  
From	
  global	
  to	
  
local	
  
Local	
  produc3on	
  and	
  
processing	
  
	
  
On-­‐farm	
  impact:	
  Small-­‐scale	
  processing	
  
Local	
  and	
  regional	
  impact:	
  Rural	
  employment	
  and	
  
livelihoods	
  
Economics	
  
	
  
Micro:	
  Crea4ng	
  value	
  added	
  at	
  the	
  farm	
  
Meso:	
  Farm	
  par4cipa4on	
  in	
  local	
  and	
  regional	
  economy	
  	
  
Macro:	
  Absence	
  of	
  free	
  compe44on,	
  TTIP	
  and	
  CETA,	
  
disturbs	
  food	
  sovereignty	
  
Ecological	
   From	
  mono	
  to	
  
mul4	
  
Ecology	
  and	
  
environmental	
  sciences	
  
	
  
Soil:	
  All	
  biomass	
  needed	
  for	
  soil	
  fer4lity,	
  no	
  biofuels	
  
Landscape	
  and	
  nature:	
  Rehabilitate	
  large-­‐scale	
  damaged	
  
ecosystems	
  (Loess	
  plateau,	
  Thomas	
  Loronjo)	
  
Climate:.	
  Focus	
  on	
  low	
  la4tude	
  regions	
  with	
  most	
  problems;	
  
helping	
  ‘The	
  Great	
  Wall’	
  with	
  fer4le	
  lands	
  marching	
  up	
  
north	
  
Individual	
  skills	
  
flourishing	
  culture	
  
Collec;ve	
  capaci;es	
  
inspiring	
  crea;vity	
  
Renewal	
   Control	
   Compe44on	
   Coopera4on	
  
Capabili;es	
  of	
  the	
  self	
  
with	
  an	
  eye	
  on	
  room	
  for	
  
the	
  other	
  
Competences	
  of	
  the	
  
other	
  with	
  an	
  eye	
  on	
  
room	
  for	
  the	
  self	
  
Technology	
  and	
  organisa3on	
  
1.	
  Crea4ve	
  modera4on	
  
Organiza3on	
  Technology	
  
2.	
  Equipment	
  and	
  precision	
  technology	
  
3.	
  Energy	
  sources	
  
4.	
  Animal	
  and	
  plant	
  breeding	
  technologies	
  
5.	
  Alterna4ve	
  farming	
  systems	
  (such	
  as	
  ecological,	
  
agro-­‐ecology,	
  permaculture,	
  agroforestry)	
  
6.	
  Technologies	
  for	
  on-­‐farm	
  value	
  added	
  
7.	
  Nanotechnology	
  
8.	
  Biotechnology	
  
9.	
  Technology	
  assessment	
  
1.	
  Reciprocal	
  solidarism	
  
2.	
  Organiza4on	
  of	
  produc4on,	
  processing	
  
and	
  marke4ng	
  at	
  farm	
  level	
  
3.	
  Network	
  coopera4on	
  and	
  communi4es	
  
4.	
  Increasing	
  regional	
  capaci4es	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
(Educa4on,	
  Science,	
  
Technology,	
  Esthe4c,	
  	
  
Value	
  crea4on)	
   (Life,	
  Bodily	
  health,	
  	
  
Bodily	
  integrity,	
  Senses,	
  
Control	
  over	
  one’s	
  
environment)	
  
(Ins4tu4onal,	
  Tradi4ons,	
  
Cultural,	
  Apprecia4ve)	
  
(Awaking,	
  	
  
Transparency,	
  
Knowledge,	
  Human	
  
measure,	
  Dialogue)	
  
Policy	
  and	
  aid	
  
Aid	
  Policy	
  
1.  Policy	
  objec4ves:	
  awareness,	
  health,	
  
safety,	
  product	
  quality,	
  animal	
  welfare,	
  
environment,	
  inclusion	
  of	
  food	
  
sovereignty	
  and	
  food	
  safety,	
  condi4ons	
  
for	
  free	
  compe44on,	
  etc.	
  
2.  Regional	
  food	
  strategies:	
  Governance	
  
bodies	
  sitng	
  together	
  developing	
  a	
  
plan	
  to	
  achieve	
  the	
  goals	
  in	
  a	
  regional	
  
setng.	
  
3.  Ensuring	
  ‘real’	
  free	
  compe44on.	
  	
  
1.  Building	
  coopera4on,	
  enhancing	
  a	
  
professional	
  dialogue	
  between	
  local	
  
farmer	
  and	
  knowledge	
  workers.	
  
2.  View	
  knowledge	
  produc4on,	
  sharing	
  
and	
  dissemina4on	
  as	
  a	
  two-­‐way	
  
traffic.	
  
3.  Assist	
  countries	
  to	
  iden4fy	
  and	
  
develop	
  their	
  own	
  human	
  resources	
  
and	
  capaci4es.	
  
Implementa3on	
  of	
  knowledge	
  and	
  innova3on	
  	
  
	
  	
  
Knowledge	
  management	
  
1.  Bundling	
  interests	
  	
  
2.  S4mula4ng	
  mul4func4onal	
  developments	
  	
  
3.  Embedding	
  knowledge	
  
4.  Maintaining	
  regional,	
  inter-­‐	
  and	
  transregional	
  contacts	
  
5.  Develop	
  local,	
  regional	
  and	
  supra-­‐regional	
  agendas,	
  
Innova3on	
  methods	
  
Various	
  methods,	
  ‘Open	
  innova4on’,	
  Out-­‐of-­‐the-­‐box	
  thinking	
  
	
  
ICT	
  
1.  Web-­‐sites	
  and	
  social	
  media	
  
2.  On-­‐line	
  available	
  scien4fic	
  informa4on.	
  
3.  Special	
  web	
  sites,	
  planorms	
  
Financial	
  
1.  New	
  financing	
  forms	
  and	
  techniques,	
  local	
  money	
  systems,	
  such	
  as	
  LETS	
  
2.  Other	
  ownership	
  rela4ons	
  
Logis3cs	
  
1.	
  Logis4cs	
  services	
  to	
  achieve:	
  small-­‐scale	
  local	
  logis4cs	
  
2.	
  Food	
  hubs.	
  
Food	
  aspects	
  and	
  design	
  
Balancing	
  and	
  posi4oning	
  
•  Food	
  basics:	
   	
   	
  commodity	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  intrinsic	
  basic	
  need	
  
•  Food	
  tradi4ons:	
   	
  local,	
  regional,	
  na4onal,	
  interna4onal	
  
•  Food	
  crea4on:	
  	
   	
  rela4onships	
  soil,	
  fer4lity,	
  crops,	
  animals	
  	
  
•  Food	
  partners:	
  	
   	
  producers,	
  processors,	
  consumers,	
  recyclers	
  
•  Food	
  systems:	
  	
   	
  industrial	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  local	
  	
  
•  Food	
  stages:	
   	
   	
  produc4on,	
  processing,	
  consump4on,	
  recycling	
  	
  
In	
  global	
  chains	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  local	
  cycles	
  
•  Food	
  markets:	
  	
   	
  firms,	
  contracts,	
  coopera4ves,	
  communi4es	
  
•  Food	
  technology 	
  renewal	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  control	
  
•  Food	
  organiza4on:	
  	
  coopera4on	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  compe44on	
  	
  
•  Food	
  governance:	
  	
  role	
  of	
  producers,	
  consumers	
  and	
  governments	
  	
  
•  Food	
  policies:	
   	
   	
  goals	
  
Local foodforglobalfutureeindhoven10nov2015
Thanks	
  for	
  your	
  a`en4on	
  !	
  

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Local foodforglobalfutureeindhoven10nov2015

  • 1. Local  Food  for  Global  Future                                                          Presenta3on  at  the                              Design  Department                                      Food  Non  Food  at                          Design  Academy  Eindhoven   Harry  Donkers     10  November  2015  
  • 2. Headlines       Industrial  and  local  food  systems     Prac3cal  examples  in  The  Netherlands  and  in  Russia   Structured  approach:  classifica3on  and  governance     Knowledge  and  innova3on  
  • 3. Successful:   produc4on   volumes  and   finance   Successful:  efficient   use  of  natural   resources,  less   waste   Unsuccessful:   social  aspects   Unsuccessful:   social  and   ecological   values  Industrial   agriculture   and  food   New  paradigm:     Sustainable  food  security   (explicit  men4on  of   sovereignty  and  safety)   Local  focus   Local   agriculture   and  food   Linear  economy  (no  true  costs):   Circular  economy  (partly  true  cost):   New  food  economy  (true  costs):   Industrial  and  local  agriculture  and  food  
  • 4. Large  distance  between  producers  and   consumers   Up-­‐scaling  leads  to  an  exodus  of  smaller   farmers  and  culture   Entrepreneurs  become  employees   Loss  of  awareness  of  food  quality   Miles  and  miles  of  monocultures   Use  of  chemical  fer4lizers  and  pes4cides     Loss  of  biodiversity     Oligopolis4c  compe44on:  worldwide     and  na4onwide   Mega-­‐farms,  industrial  processing     Food  products  treated  as  commodi4es   No  fair  prices  for  farmers  (European   protests)   Too  far-­‐bred  animals   Social:  Far  removed   Ecological:  Mono   Economic:  Mega  Global   Cheap  and  poor  quality  basic  food  commodi4es,  ‘synthe4c  enriched’  by  the  processing  industry     Hunger  on  the  one  hand  and  obesity  on  the  other  hand     Current  industrial  system  
  • 5. Concentra3ons  within  the  Dutch  food  chain   Infographic  |  17-­‐08-­‐2014   Source,  PBL,    Netherlands  Environmental  Assessment  Agency   Managers  of  supermarkets  have  a  great  deal  of  power!  
  • 6. People   Profit   Planet   Sover-­‐ eignty   Safety   Embeddedness   Fair  prices   Biodiversity   and  climate   Health   Right  to  food  and  right   to  food  produc4on   Sustainability     (Brundtland)   Food  security   (Shiva)   The  paradigm  of  sustainable  food  security  
  • 7. The  paradigm  of  sustainable  food  security     requires  a  focus  on  local  resources   Social  well-­‐being:        A  reconnec4on  of  producers  and  consumers  requires  a  local  basis.     Economic  features:  Fairer  incomes  for  farmers  require  fundamentally  new  forms  of                                                                    capital  that  people  can  arrange  locally.       Ecological  features:  The  local  framework  is  the  best  op4on  for  careful  ecological                    processes,  resources  and  energy  cycles  largely  to  be  closed,  and  crop                  growing  and  animal  husbandry  to  be  interconnected.       Food  sovereignty:      Regions  or  na4ons  to  decide  themselves  on  their  produc4on  and                consump4on  of  food,  requires  na4onwide,  regional  and  ul4mately                local  governance  of  food  systems.     Food  safety:                          Monitoring  locally  is  less  complex  than  monitoring  global                    industrial  chains.  
  • 8. Reconnecting producers and consumers (people and nature)   Control of local food production and consumption   Access to sufficient food     Fair prices   Local/regional production   Micro machinery and small scale processing   Food is not seen as a commodity     Access to the countryside   Biodiversity     Right to food and right to food production   Local/regional production ensures access to food for all people in the region   Awareness of food impact on health and well- being   Social:  Proximity   Economic:     Micro/Regional   Ecological:  Mul3   Food  Sovereignty:   Access  for  all   Food  Safety:  Resistance  and   Nutri3onal   Local  and  regional  agriculture  and  food  systems  
  • 9. The  industrial  and  local  trap  in   solving  the  world  food  problem     Industrial  system   Solving  the  world  food  problem  needs   more  volumes  of  produc4on   Do  the  increased  volumes  reach  the  poor?   Local  system   Solving  the  world  food  problem  is   equivalent  to  the  paradigm  of  Sustainable   food  security  that  implies  a  local  focus   Do  the  local  systems  meet  the  features  of   the  paradigm?   Defends:   Claims:   Industrial              trap   Local                  trap  
  • 10. Largest  and  broadest  farmer  side  by  side  in  Bunschoten   Eemlandhoeve  is  an  organic  farm  with  40  beef   ca`le  (sucklers)  and  extra  func4ons:  mee4ng   facili4es,  family  days,  educa4on,  care,  a  shop   and  more  ….   Hoeve  het  Wi`e  Schaap  is  a  modern   dairy  farm  with  about  400  dairy  cows   and  robots  for  milking,  feeding  and   manure  handling.   Jan  Huigen  and  Gerrit  Schaap  are  organizing  the  excursion:  ‘Largest  and  broadest  farmer'  
  • 11. Largest  and  broadest  farmer     Largest  en  broadest  farmer  side  by  side  in  Bunschoten     Hoeve  het  Wi`e  Schaap     Hypermodern  dairy  farm  ca.  300  dairy   cows,  with  robots  for  milking,  robots   for  feeding  and  robots  for  stall  mucking   In  an  excursion  to  both  farms,  farmer  and  philosopher  Jan  Huijgen  shows  the   differences  and  makes  it  clear  that  both  forms  of  business  can  coexist   De  Eemlandhoeve     Apart  from  ca.  40  beef  ca`le  also  other   markets,  conference  center,  kitchen   gardens,  apiary  and  educa4on  center  
  • 12. Recommenda3ons:  Bo`om-­‐up  regional  ini4a4ves;  Profiling  agriculture  in  spa4al  debate;  Develop  added   value;  Farming  with  nature  /  landscape  and  recrea4on  /  tourism  and  hospitality  industry;  Develop  specific   regional  research  and  policy;  Encourage  regional  branding   Crop growers: Arable farmers Horticulture Nature organizations Hotels/Rest./Catering Processors/shops Animal farmers Products for self cooking Animal contacts Landscape: Grain fields Crop growing Horticultural products Outdoor eating R e c r e a t i o n e m p l o y e r s producers consumers tourists arrangement arrangement arrangement Vechtdal  Food  Community  
  • 13. Organic/natural  food  chain  in  Krasnodar,  2012   Chain  partners:   –  Producers,  small  farmers   –  Organic  shop   –  Catering   –  Internet  shop   –  Cafetaria   –  Restaurant   Support  needed:   –  Facilitate  lead  farms  to   demonstrate  successes   and  to  serve  as  a   model  farm  for  small   farmer   –  Be`er  knowledge  and   training  for  be`er   quality   –  Be`er  mutual  co-­‐ opera4on   –  Possibili4es  to  invest  
  • 14. Classifica3on  of  food  systems   Combina3on  of  geographic  and  social  aspects     /Cooperation
  • 15. Short  chains   Examples:   Farm  shops,  farmers  markets,  experiences,  food  teams,  CSA,  Web  shops,   Short  chain  governance: Aiming  at  a  be`er  coopera4on  between  consumers  and  producers.   . Raw  milk  produc;on  and  consump;on  
  • 16. Local  food  systems   . Urban  food  systems:   Rural  food  systems:   Food  provision  in  the  rapidly  growing  city  of  Dar  es  Salaam   Examples:   Local  food  system  governance:   Employment  opportuni4es  and  a`rac4ve  rural  areas,    urban  challenges  and  opportuni4es   for  sustainability  and  biodiversity.   Rural  and  urban  food  systems  should  not  stand  alone.   Policy  support  to  establish  linkages  between  rural  and  urban  food  systems,  reducing  the   rural-­‐urban  divide.     Slow Food Communities Impact  of  small  and  private  farmers  on  rural  development  in  Russia   Urban  Agriculture   Localfoods.org.uk  
  • 17. Producers/ entrepreneur-­‐ ship   Consumers/   ci4zens  and   ins4tu4ons   Local   governments/   Societal     organiza4ons   Regional   Embedded   Slow  Food   Convivia     Transi4on   Towns     Regional   coopera4on   Slow  Food   communi4es     Food  Strategies   Food  Policy  Councils   S4mula4ng  knowledge   Sustainable   regional   development   Suppor4ng   governance   Interac4on     Rural-­‐urban   environment   Characteris3cs  of  regional  food  systems   General  example  of  regional   food  governance:  Regional   (typical)  products  in  bids  for   local  and  regional   governments  
  • 18. Regional  food  systems   Amsterdam   Ro`erdam   The  Hague   Utrecht   Randstad  region   Metropolitan  food  systems:   Conurba3on  food  systems:   Countryside  food  systems:   Cityside  food  systems:   Corridor  food  systems:   Connected  ci3es  food  systems:   Food  security  in  Belo  Horizonte   Twin  ci;es  Local  Food  Ini;a;ves   Minnesota/Saint  Paul   Eindhoven  cityside  region   The  Area  Coopera;ve   Oregional  in  the  Connected   ci;es  Arnhem-­‐Nijmegen   Boerenhart   Examples:   Regional  food  system  governance:   These  ‘core’  systems  flourish  when  producers,  consumers  and  local  governments  cooperate.   Natural  development;  self  sufficiency  and  sustainable  food  security.   Regional  coopera4on  is  a  cri4cal  factor.   Instruments:  Integral  regional  planning,  joint  building  of  regional  food  strategies.     Boerenhart   Vechtdal  region   Groene  Woud:     green  area  between  town-­‐trangle  Eind-­‐ hoven,  ‘s-­‐Hertogenbosch  and  Tilburg  
  • 19.         City  gates  Karpen,  Strijp  and  Genneper  Parken  connec3ng   Eindhoven  with  Peel,  Meierij  and  Kempen   Meierij   Kempen   Peel   Karpen   Strijp   Genneper  Parken   Groendomein  Wasven   Philips  FruiWuin   Genneper  Hoeve   Example  of  a   cityside  region  
  • 20. Coopera4ng  Regional  ini4a4ves:     Interests  bundling,  s4mulate   regional  mul4func4onal,   value  forma4on,  knowledge-­‐ embedding,  supra-­‐regional   development  agenda:   Food  Hubs  =  infrastructure  for  upscaling   regional  ini4a4ves   Interregional  or  na3onal  food  systems   Examples:   Interregional  food  system  governance:   Increasing  efficiency;    exchange  informa4on,  products  and  services.   Suppor4ng  the  various  regional  food  systems.   Solving  the  region  transcending  problems.   Crea4ng  logis4cs  hubs,  regula4ons,  interregional  coopera4on.   Toward  a  regional  food  policy  in  Europe  
  • 21. Transregional  or  global  food  systems   Border  regions:   Vecht/Vechte   Brabant+  Oost-­‐Nederland,     Niedersachsen  en  Wesnalen   Policymaking  bodies  and  movements:   Doha-­‐round  2001,     s4ll  busy   OECD:    EU:  Commi`ee   for  the  Regions   Regions  that  are  not  adjacent  to  each  other:   Coopera4on     Netherlands/  Germany     and  South  Africa/   Swaziland/Mozambique    around  Vecht/Vechte  and  Koma4  river   Examples:   Transregional  food  governance:   Promo4ng  interna4onal  coopera4on  between  regional  food  systems.   Handling  confronta4ons  between  established  ins4tu4ons  and  societal  movements.   Elimina4ng  global  barriers  by  interna4onal  bodies  and  stakeholder  representa4ves.   Crea4ng  favourable  condi4ons  for  na4onal,  regional  and  local  interests.   Mi4ga4ng  the  power  of  monopolis4c/oligopolis4c  elements  by  governed  interna4onal  trade.   Building  interna4onal  connec4ons  and  agreements;  transregional  coopera4on,  twinning.   Rio+20  and  beyond  
  • 22. Building  Food          Building  a  more     Strategies                      equitable  world     From  government    From  one-­‐   to  governance                dimensional  flow                                                                      to  dialogue                             Applica4on  areas  of  sustainable  food  security   Implementa4on  of  knowledge  and  innova4on   Policy  and  Aid   Basic   disciplines   Local   produc4on   and   processing   Social   sciences   Ecological   sciences   Economics   Food   sciences  Technology  and   Organiza4on   Social   From  far   away  to   nearby   Economic   From  global   to  local     Ecological   From  mono   to  mul4     Sovereignty   Right  and   access  to   food   Safety   Building   resistance                                                                                  Holis4c  approach   Knowledge                  Innova4on          ICT                                        Financial                    Logis4cs     management          methods   From                                    From     mega                                  hierarchy  to     to  micro                        community   Crea4ve                  Reciprocal   modera4on      solidarism  
  • 23. Applica3on  areas,  challenges  and  aspect  disciplines   Applica3on   areas   Challenges   Aspect  disciplines     Topics/levels   Social     From  far  away   to  nearby   Soci(et)al  sciences     Social  nearness:  How  social  is  a  system?   Trust:  Basic  element  of  coopera4on   Food  sovereignty:  No  unwanted  interference  from  outside   Food   sovereignty   Right  and   access  to  food     Food  science  (health  and   nutri3on,  safety  and   gastronomy     Health  and  nutri;on:  Rela4onships  local  food  and  health   Safety:  Building  resistance  in  stead  of  monocultures  under   sanitary  control  (Béchamp  in  stead  of  Pasteur)   Gastronomy:  Study  of  flavour  and  taste   Food  safety     Building   resistance   Economic     From  global  to   local   Local  produc3on  and   processing     On-­‐farm  impact:  Small-­‐scale  processing   Local  and  regional  impact:  Rural  employment  and   livelihoods   Economics     Micro:  Crea4ng  value  added  at  the  farm   Meso:  Farm  par4cipa4on  in  local  and  regional  economy     Macro:  Absence  of  free  compe44on,  TTIP  and  CETA,   disturbs  food  sovereignty   Ecological   From  mono  to   mul4   Ecology  and   environmental  sciences     Soil:  All  biomass  needed  for  soil  fer4lity,  no  biofuels   Landscape  and  nature:  Rehabilitate  large-­‐scale  damaged   ecosystems  (Loess  plateau,  Thomas  Loronjo)   Climate:.  Focus  on  low  la4tude  regions  with  most  problems;   helping  ‘The  Great  Wall’  with  fer4le  lands  marching  up   north  
  • 24. Individual  skills   flourishing  culture   Collec;ve  capaci;es   inspiring  crea;vity   Renewal   Control   Compe44on   Coopera4on   Capabili;es  of  the  self   with  an  eye  on  room  for   the  other   Competences  of  the   other  with  an  eye  on   room  for  the  self   Technology  and  organisa3on   1.  Crea4ve  modera4on   Organiza3on  Technology   2.  Equipment  and  precision  technology   3.  Energy  sources   4.  Animal  and  plant  breeding  technologies   5.  Alterna4ve  farming  systems  (such  as  ecological,   agro-­‐ecology,  permaculture,  agroforestry)   6.  Technologies  for  on-­‐farm  value  added   7.  Nanotechnology   8.  Biotechnology   9.  Technology  assessment   1.  Reciprocal  solidarism   2.  Organiza4on  of  produc4on,  processing   and  marke4ng  at  farm  level   3.  Network  coopera4on  and  communi4es   4.  Increasing  regional  capaci4es             (Educa4on,  Science,   Technology,  Esthe4c,     Value  crea4on)   (Life,  Bodily  health,     Bodily  integrity,  Senses,   Control  over  one’s   environment)   (Ins4tu4onal,  Tradi4ons,   Cultural,  Apprecia4ve)   (Awaking,     Transparency,   Knowledge,  Human   measure,  Dialogue)  
  • 25. Policy  and  aid   Aid  Policy   1.  Policy  objec4ves:  awareness,  health,   safety,  product  quality,  animal  welfare,   environment,  inclusion  of  food   sovereignty  and  food  safety,  condi4ons   for  free  compe44on,  etc.   2.  Regional  food  strategies:  Governance   bodies  sitng  together  developing  a   plan  to  achieve  the  goals  in  a  regional   setng.   3.  Ensuring  ‘real’  free  compe44on.     1.  Building  coopera4on,  enhancing  a   professional  dialogue  between  local   farmer  and  knowledge  workers.   2.  View  knowledge  produc4on,  sharing   and  dissemina4on  as  a  two-­‐way   traffic.   3.  Assist  countries  to  iden4fy  and   develop  their  own  human  resources   and  capaci4es.  
  • 26. Implementa3on  of  knowledge  and  innova3on         Knowledge  management   1.  Bundling  interests     2.  S4mula4ng  mul4func4onal  developments     3.  Embedding  knowledge   4.  Maintaining  regional,  inter-­‐  and  transregional  contacts   5.  Develop  local,  regional  and  supra-­‐regional  agendas,   Innova3on  methods   Various  methods,  ‘Open  innova4on’,  Out-­‐of-­‐the-­‐box  thinking     ICT   1.  Web-­‐sites  and  social  media   2.  On-­‐line  available  scien4fic  informa4on.   3.  Special  web  sites,  planorms   Financial   1.  New  financing  forms  and  techniques,  local  money  systems,  such  as  LETS   2.  Other  ownership  rela4ons   Logis3cs   1.  Logis4cs  services  to  achieve:  small-­‐scale  local  logis4cs   2.  Food  hubs.  
  • 27. Food  aspects  and  design   Balancing  and  posi4oning   •  Food  basics:      commodity                                      intrinsic  basic  need   •  Food  tradi4ons:    local,  regional,  na4onal,  interna4onal   •  Food  crea4on:      rela4onships  soil,  fer4lity,  crops,  animals     •  Food  partners:      producers,  processors,  consumers,  recyclers   •  Food  systems:      industrial                                      local     •  Food  stages:      produc4on,  processing,  consump4on,  recycling     In  global  chains                                          local  cycles   •  Food  markets:      firms,  contracts,  coopera4ves,  communi4es   •  Food  technology  renewal                                          control   •  Food  organiza4on:    coopera4on                                      compe44on     •  Food  governance:    role  of  producers,  consumers  and  governments     •  Food  policies:      goals  
  • 29. Thanks  for  your  a`en4on  !